Conference archive

STAREAST 2016 - Software Tester

Sunday, May 1

Brian Hicks
Coveros

Mobile Application Testing (2-Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Monday, May 2, 2016 - 4:30pm
  • Understand what makes mobile application testing different from standard software testing
  • Learn some of the underlying technologies behind mobile devices and how those technologies affect testing
  • Discover how mobile applications work and different techniques for testing them
  • Explore the different types of mobile applications and how to test for each
Jeffery Payne
Coveros, Inc.

Fundamentals of Agile Certification—ICAgile (2–Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Monday, May 2, 2016 - 4:30pm

Fundamentals of Agile Certification—ICAgile will present a roadmap for how to get started with agile along with practical advice. It will introduce you to agile software development concepts and teach you how to make them work. You will learn what agile is all about, why agile works, and how to effectively plan and develop software using agile principles.  A running case study allows you to apply the techniques you are learning as you go through the course.

Richard Bender
BenderRBT

Requirements-Based Testing Workshop (3–Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 4:30pm
  • Develop and maintain efficient tests that cover all functional requirements
  • Design test cases that force defects to appear early in testing
  • Learn and practice cause-effect graphing to design more robust tests
  • Learn and practice alternative test design approaches—pairwise, equivalence class
  • Optimize and reduce the size of your test suite
  • Integrate testing in the software development lifecycle
Rob_Sabourin
amibug.com

Agile Tester Certification (2–Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Monday, May 2, 2016 - 4:30pm
  • Discover how testing is implemented in different agile environments
  • Learn about user stories and how to test them
  • Explore key agile testing practices—ATDD, BDD, TDD, and ET
  • Examine technical and team skills you need for success
  • Recognize the main agile testing challenges and how to address them
Kristoffer Nordström
Northern Test Consulting AB

Python® for Testers (2-Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Monday, May 2, 2016 - 4:30am
  • Explore examples covering topics such as generating test data, monitoring system under test, compressing and sending test data
  • Gain a solid understanding of the Python language, its philosophy, and the code syntax
  • Get a broad introduction to the vast standard library that Python comes installed with
  • What is Pythonic code, good practices and common pitfalls to avoid
  • Learn how to install 3rd party Python libraries to extend the power of the language
  • Understand how to control external processes
Wilson Mar
JetBloom

Mastering HP LoadRunner® for Performance Testing (2–Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Monday, May 2, 2016 - 4:30pm
  • Understand performance implications of technologies and protocols in modern data centers
  • Select scenarios to measure performance and capacity risks organizations face today
  • Design emulation scripts, scenarios, and reports to expose various risks
  • Customize a test plan based on budget and role of disciplines involved in performance testing
  • Setup controllers, load generators, monitoring, and virtual table servers
  • Generate and edit TruClient and VuGen scripts to emulate internet browsers and use test data

Real-World Software Testing with Microsoft Visual Studio® (3–Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 4:30pm
  • Explore the testing components of Visual Studio® Test Professional 2013 and see how you can use these to improve software quality
  • Increase productivity by planning, executing, and tracking tests using Microsoft Test Manager 2013®
  • Learn how rich data collectors enhance bug reproducibility
  • Support agile testing practices with features such as exploratory testing
  • Increase test coverage with automated testing using Microsoft’s Visual Studio® Coded UI
  • Collaborate seamlessly with other team members using Team Foundation Server 2013®

Integrating Test with a DevOps Approach (2–Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Monday, May 2, 2016 - 4:30pm
  • Explore the DevOps background, approach, and best practices

  • Integrate test automation with DevOps
  • 
Implement continuous testing

  • Learn how DevOps practices and principles improve software quality and efficiency

  • Understand the differences between DevOps and traditional operational methodologies

  • Discover the major steps required to successfully implement delivery pipelines
Claire Lohr
Lohr Systems

Software Tester Certification—Foundation Level (3–Day)

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 8:30am to Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 4:30pm
  • Fundamentals of software testing—key concepts, context, risk, goals, process, and people issues
  • Lifecycle testing—relationship of testing to development, including different models, verification and validation, and types of testing
  • Test levels—system, acceptance, unit, and integration testing
  • Test design techniques—black-box test methods, white-box testing, and exploratory testing
  • Static testing—reviews, inspections, and static analysis tools

Monday, May 2

Dale Perry
TechWell Corp.
MA

Getting Started with Risk-Based Testing

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 4:30pm

Whether you are new to testing or looking for a better way to organize your test practices, understanding risk is essential to successful testing. Dale Perry describes a general risk-based framework—applicable to any development lifecycle model—to help you make critical testing decisions earlier and with more confidence. Learn how to focus your testing effort, what elements to test, and how to organize test designs and documentation. Review the fundamentals of risk identification, analysis, and the role testing plays in risk mitigation. Develop an inventory of test objectives to help...

James Bach
Satisfice, Inc.
MB

A Rapid Introduction to Rapid Software Testing

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 4:30pm

You're under tight time pressure with barely enough information to proceed with testing. How do you test quickly and inexpensively, yet still produce informative, credible, and accountable results? Rapid Software Testing, adopted by context-driven testers worldwide, offers a field-proven answer to this all-too-common dilemma. In this one-day sampler of the approach, James Bach introduces you to the skills and practice of Rapid Software Testing through stories, discussions, and “minds-on” exercises that simulate important aspects of real testing problems. The rapid approach isn't just...

Julie_Gardiner
Hitachi Consulting
MC

Get Your Message Across: Communication Skills for Testers

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

Communication is at the heart of our profession. If we can’t convey our concerns in ways that connect with key members of the project team, our contribution is likely to be ignored—no matter how advanced our testing capabilities are. Because we act in an advisory capacity rather than being in command, our power to exert influence is almost entirely based on our communication skills. Join Julie Gardiner as she draws on techniques from psychology and marketing to help you get your message across. With people suffering information overload and deluged with emails, it is more important than...

Jon_Hagar
Grand Software Testing
MD

Testing the Internet of Things

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:20pm

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next big technology challenge for software testing. IoT testing uses not only concepts from traditional and mobile environments but also has new testing problems and new patterns. Jon Hagar begins by examining how to use data analytics from error profiles and social media to discover the new error patterns in IoT systems. Usage data on IoT devices is growing rapidly and becoming a big data issue. Through hands-on exercises, Jon explains how teams can use data analytics to improve development and testing. Next, he uses the analytics to define real-world...

Mike_Sowers
TechWell Corp.
ME

Plan, Architect, and Implement Test Automation within the Lifecycle

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

In test automation, we must often use several tools that have been developed or acquired over time with little consideration of an overall plan or architecture and no consideration for how to integrate those tools. As a result, productivity suffers and frustrations increase. Join Mike Sowers as he shares experiences from multiple organizations in creating an integrated test automation plan and developing a test automation architecture. Mike discusses both the good (engaging the technical architecture team) and the bad (too much isolation between test automators and test designers) on his...

Bob Galen
Velocity Partners
Mary_Thorn
Ipreo
MF

The Keys to Agile Testing Maturity

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

You’ve “gone agile” and have been relatively successful. So, how do you know how well your test team is really doing? And how do you continuously improve your test practices? When things get rocky, how do you handle the challenges without reverting to old habits? The path to high-performance agile testing isn’t easy or quick, and it helps to have a guide. So consider this tutorial your guide to ongoing, improved, and sustained high-performance agile testing. Join Bob Galen and Mary Thorn as they share lessons from their most successful agile testing transitions. Explore actual team case...

Isabel Evans
Independent Consultant
MG

Enhance Your Testing Workbox with New Approaches, Methods, and Ideas

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

What do you do when you are not testing? Whatever it is, you probably have a place where you work on your interests, some tools and equipment, and especially some things you always have with you. Perhaps you have a room or shed or tool rack with your favorite and your most used equipment easily at hand in a workbox. Wouldn’t it be great to have your own workbox for testing? Well, you already do! Everyone’s “mental tool set” is different, but we all need versatile,...

Paul Holland
Doran Jones, Inc.
MH

End-to-End Testing with the Heuristic Software Test Model

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

You have just been assigned to a new testing project. So, where do you start? How do you develop a plan and begin testing? How will you report on your progress? In this hands-on session, Paul Holland shares test project approaches based on the Heuristic Software Test Model from Rapid Software Testing. Learn and practice new ways to plan, execute, and report on testing activities. You’ll be given a product to test and start by creating three raw lists—Product Coverage Outline, Potential Risks, and Test Ideas—that help ensure comprehensive testing. Use these lists to create an initial set of...

Julie_Gardiner
Hitachi Consulting
MI

Applying Emotional Intelligence in Testing

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

As test managers and test professionals, we're constantly dealing with fragile egos, highly-charged situations, and pressured people playing a high-stakes game under conditions of massive uncertainty. We're often the bearers of bad news and are sometimes perceived as critics, activating people's primal fear of being judged. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI), popularized by Harvard psychologist and science writer Daniel Goleman, has much to offer test managers and testers. Key EI skills include self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Julie...

Bob Galen
Velocity Partners
MJ

Test Automation Strategies for the Agile World

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

With the adoption of agile practices in many organizations, the test automation landscape has changed. Bob Galen explores current disruptors to traditional automation strategies, and discusses relevant and current adjustments you need to make when developing your automation business case. Open source tools are becoming incredibly viable and beat their commercial equivalents in many ways―not only in cost but also in functionality, creativity, evolutionary speed, and developer acceptance. Agile methods have fundamentally challenged our traditional automation strategies. Now we must keep up...

Dorothy Graham
Software Test Consultant
MK

Successful Test Automation: A Manager’s View

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

Many organizations never achieve the significant benefits that are promised from system level automated test execution. Surprisingly often, this is due not to technical factors but to management issues. In this overview, Dot Graham describes the most important management issues you must address for test automation success, particularly when you are in the early stages of automation, and helps you understand and choose the best approaches for your organization—no matter which automation tools you use. Focusing on...

Lee Copeland
TechWell Corp.
ML

Pairwise Testing Explained

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

Many software systems are required to process huge combinations of input data, all of which deserve to be tested. Since we rarely have time to create and execute test cases for all combinations, our fundamental problem in testing is how to choose a reasonably-sized subset that will find a large percentage of defects and can be performed within the limited time and budget available. Lee Copeland says that pairwise testing is the most effective—but not well-understood—test design technique to deal with this problem. The answer is not to attempt to test all combinations of all values for all...

Hans_Buwalda
LogiGear
MM

Better Test Design for Great Test Automation

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

When we discover—often late in an automation effort—that the automated tests are cumbersome and costly to maintain, we often view this as a technical problem for the automator to solve. However, an often-overlooked cause is the role that testers who designed these tests play in making automation scalable and maintainable. In this interactive tutorial for both testers and automation engineers, Hans Buwalda explores how better test designs will result in much better test automation and can make the difference between automation success and failure. See why successful automated testing is not...

MN

Service Virtualization: Making the Unavailable Available for Testing

Monday, May 2, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

Service virtualization—and how it can help testers begin testing earlier—is a hot topic in books and discussions. Now it’s time to demonstrate how service virtualization is more than just a buzzword. Join Carlos Pineda for this interactive session as he shares his experiences and proven practices for using service virtualization technology. Learn how to get started with service virtualization, how service virtualization fits into the overall delivery lifecycle, how to prioritize which services to stub out, and when to begin transitioning from testing with stubs to executing the real...

Tuesday, May 3

Michael_Bolton
DevelopSense
TA

Critical Thinking for Software Testers

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 4:30pm

Critical thinking is the kind of thinking that specifically looks for problems and mistakes. Regular people don't do a lot of it. However, if you want to be a great tester, you need to be a great critical thinker. Critically thinking testers save projects from dangerous assumptions and ultimately from disasters. The good news is that critical thinking is not just innate intelligence or a talent—it's a learnable and improvable skill you can master. Michael Bolton shares the specific techniques and heuristics of critical thinking and presents realistic testing puzzles that help you practice...

Hans_Buwalda
LogiGear
TB

The Challenges of BIG Testing: Automation, Virtualization, Outsourcing, and More

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 4:30pm

Large-scale and complex testing projects can stress the testing and automation practices we have learned through the years, resulting in less than optimal outcomes. However, a number of innovative ideas and concepts are emerging to better support industrial-strength testing for big projects. Hans Buwalda shares his experiences and presents strategies for organizing and managing testing on large projects. Learn how to design tests specifically for automation, including how to incorporate techniques like keyword testing and behavior-driven development. Discover what roles virtualization and...

TC

Selenium Test Automation: From the Ground Up

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 4:30pm

Knowledge of Selenium, the industry-standard tool for testing web applications, is a much sought after skill in today’s world of test automation. Many believe it is a “must have” skill for test engineers. If you want to learn Selenium, then this tutorial is a great start. Cheezy Morgan shows you how to build test automation using Selenium. But he doesn’t stop there. He uses his years of experience to show you how to build automation that is clean and easy to maintain. Cheezy introduces other tools that work with Selenium to help manage the data used to drive your tests, work with...

Dorothy Graham
Software Test Consultant
TD

Technical Test Automation Challenges: Patterns and Solutions

Sold Out!
Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

Many organizations find that test automation does not work as well as they thought it would. In many cases, these failures are due to technical reasons, which can be fixed relatively easily. These test automation patterns are common to automation efforts at any level with whatever tools you are using. Dorothy Graham focuses on often-neglected technical issues—things that are not management issues—and the patterns that help solve them. Using a set of patterns developed...

Dale Perry
TechWell Corp.
TE

Performance Testing: Planning for a Successful Test

Sold Out!
Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

In today’s fast paced, ever changing world of software and technology, software performance testing is becoming essential to successful product implementation. To be successful we must understand several fundamental factors about performance testing. Dale Perry examines the activities required to be successful in software performance testing. Dale identifies key issues, how they determine our level of success at implementing the necessary testing, and potential pitfalls...

Lee Copeland
TechWell Corp.
TF

Fundamentals of Test Design

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

As testers, we know that we can define many more test cases than we will ever have time to design, execute, and report. The key problem in testing is choosing a small, “smart” subset—from the almost infinite number of tests available—that will find a large percentage of the defects. Join Lee Copeland to discover how to design test cases using formal black-box techniques, including equivalence class testing, boundary value testing, decision tables, and state-transition diagrams. Explore examples of each of these techniques in action. Don’t just pick test cases randomly. Learn to selectively...

TG

What’s Your Leadership IQ?

Sold Out!
Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

Have you ever needed a way to measure your leadership IQ? Or been in a performance review where the majority of time was spent discussing your need to improve as a leader? If you have ever wondered what your core leadership competencies are and how to build on and improve them, Jennifer Bonine shares a toolkit to help you do just that. This toolkit includes a personal assessment of your leadership competencies, explores a set of eight dimensions of successful leaders, provides suggestions on how you can improve competencies that are not in your core set of strengths, and describes...

Jeffery Payne
Coveros, Inc.
TH

Security Testing for Test Professionals

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

Today’s software applications are often security critical, making security testing essential in a software quality program. Unfortunately, most testers have not been taught how to effectively test the security of the software applications they validate. Join Jeffery Payne as he shares what you need to know to integrate effective security testing into your everyday software testing activities. Learn how software vulnerabilities are introduced into code and exploited by hackers. Discover how to define and validate security requirements. Explore effective test techniques for assuring that...

Jon Bach
eBay, Inc.
TI

Testing Under Pressure: A Case for Session-Based Test Management

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

The nature of exploration, coupled with the ability of testers to rapidly apply their skills and experience, make exploratory testing a widely-used test approach—especially when time is short. Unfortunately, exploratory testing is often dismissed by project managers who assume that it is not reproducible, measurable, or accountable. If you have these concerns, you may find a solution in a technique called Session-Based Test Management (SBTM), developed by Jon Bach and his brother James. In SBTM, testers explore an area of a product, framing their testing in time-boxed “sessions” meant to...

Jon_Hagar
Grand Software Testing
TJ

Test Attacks to Break Mobile and Embedded Software

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 8:30am to 12:00pm

In the tradition of James Whittaker’s book series “How to Break Software,” Jon Hagar applies the testing “attack” concept to the domain of mobile and embedded software systems. First, Jon defines the environments of mobile and embedded software. He then examines the issues of software product failures caused by defects found in these types of software. Next, Jon shares a set of attacks against mobile and embedded software based on common modes of failure that teams can direct against their software. Like different kinds of software design patterns, attacks are test design patterns that...

Wilson Mar
JetBloom
TK

How Testers Master Git and GitHub

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

GitHub—a powerful online collaboration, code review, code management, and version control service based on the open source Git tool—is the new business card for professional developers working on software projects. That's why job interviewers often look to GitHub to gauge a potential development hire's creativity, popularity, capability, and tenacity. Today’s testers need to learn about and use GitHub, too. Join Wilson Mar as he examines the major GitHub repositories testers should know about. In this hands-on tutorial, you’ll learn why and how GitHub is being used for most open source...

Martin Pol
Polteq Testing Services B.V.
Jeroen Mengerink
Polteq Testing Services B.V.
TL

Testing Cloud Services

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

Cloud computing is rapidly changing the way systems are developed, tested, and deployed. New system hosting capabilities—software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS)—are forcing us to review and revise our testing processes. At the same time, cloud computing is affording us opportunities to employ new test tooling solutions, which we call testing as a service (TaaS). In this technical session, Martin Pol and Jeroen...

Isabel Evans
Independent Consultant
TM

Influence Diagrams: A New Way to Understand Testing

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

Influence diagrams provide a simple-to-create and easy-to-understand approach to address the complexities of real-life problems. For instance, as testers we may want to find more bugs, but does this have an unintended consequence for the developers? Developers now have more defects to debug, which affects their capacity to deliver new functionality. Influence diagrams provide a means of understanding and managing the complexities of key interactions among testers, developers, and business stakeholders. In the past few years, Isabel Evans has used influence diagrams as a practical tool to...

Dawn Haynes
PerfTestPlus, Inc.
TN

How to Break Software: Robustness Edition

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

Have you ever worked on a project where you felt testing was thorough and complete—all of the features were covered and all of the tests passed—yet in the first week in production the software had serious issues and problems? Join Dawn Haynes to learn how to inject robustness testing into your projects to uncover those issues before release. Robustness—an important and often overlooked area of testing—is the degree to which a system operates correctly in the presence of exceptional inputs or stressful environmental conditions. By expanding basic tests and incorporating specific robustness...

Jeffery Payne
Coveros, Inc.
TO

What DevOps Means for Testers: Tips for Getting Testers Involved

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

DevOps is more than a buzzword or passing fad. It's a radically new approach to rapidly delivering high-quality software applications. However, many organizations don’t fully grasp the magnitude of this change or what it means for everyone involved in the software development lifecycle. Jeffery Payne says that DevOps—when done right—drives higher quality and efficiency into software development, software testing, and application management activities. It empowers teams to remove impediments to quality and productivity throughout the entire software lifecycle. However, when DevOps is done...

Mike_Sowers
TechWell Corp.
TP

Measurement and Metrics for Test Management

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

To be most effective, test managers must develop and use metrics to help direct the testing effort and make informed recommendations about the software’s release readiness and associated risks. Because one important testing activity is to “measure” the quality of the software, test managers must measure the results of both the development and testing processes. Collecting, analyzing, and using metrics are complicated because many developers and testers are concerned that the metrics will be used against them. Join Mike Sowers as he addresses common metrics—measures of product quality,...

Rob_Sabourin
amibug.com
TQ

Exploring Usability Testing for Mobile and Web Technologies

Tuesday, May 3, 2016 - 1:00pm to 4:30pm

It’s not enough to verify that software conforms to requirements by passing established acceptance tests. Successful software products engage, entertain, and support the user experience. Goals vary from project to project, but if your users do not embrace your software—no matter how robust and reliable it is—business can slip through your hands. Rob Sabourin shares how to elicit effective usability requirements with techniques such as storyboarding and task analysis. Testers, programmers, and users collaborate to blend the requirements, design, and test cycles into a tight feedback loop....

Wednesday, May 4

Keith_Klain
Tekmark Global Solutions
K1

Lessons Learned in (Selling) Software Testing

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 8:30am to 10:00am

In 2013, Keith Klain quit his job as Head of the Global Test Center at Barclays Investment Bank to start a test consulting business based on context-driven testing principles. Keith has spent the past two years wading through industry dogma, pitching new ideas about testing to clients, hiring—and firing—testers, and trying to turn context-driven testing into a viable commercial approach. Succeeding in such a setting requires a balance of practical approaches that can driving improvements against “sunk cost”...

David Dang
Zenergy Technologies
K2

Open Source Test Automation: Riding the Second Wave

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 10:00am to 11:00am

After the first wave of open source test automation tools like Fitnesse and Watir, we are now in a stronger, second wave led by Selenium-based frameworks. This powerful swell, fueled by a major shift toward web-based applications on desktops and mobile devices, is changing how corporations tackle software test automation. Add in a desire to replace old-guard, commercial tools in favor of newer technology with lower costs, we may have a perfect storm. However, with different technologies come new challenges....

Shaun Bradshaw
Zenergy Technologies, Inc.
W1

Nature vs. Nurture: Building Great Test Teams

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 11:30am to 12:30pm

When organizations expand internal test teams, hiring managers sort through piles of résumés hoping for a few gems. But scanning for coveted technical skills and relevant experience often leads to disappointment. With the proliferation of new software and the explosion of mobile devices, the QA industry is surging, and experienced testers are becoming harder to find. What inherent qualities do great testers really possess? Do those attributes show up on résumés? Should technical expertise or tool/application...

Mary_Thorn
Ipreo
W2

Acceptance- and Behavior-Driven Development with Cucumber: Three Case Studies

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 11:30am to 12:30pm

Acceptance test-driven development (ATDD), behavior-driven development (BDD), and Cucumber promise many benefits related to your user story acceptance tests. They promise tighter collaboration between the product owner and the team. They promise the ability for the product owner and other stakeholders to write their own executable acceptance tests. They even promise an increase in the value produced by the efforts of your team as they focus on building the “right”...

Hans_Buwalda
LogiGear
W3

Anti-Patterns for Automated Testing

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 11:30am to 12:30pm

Patterns—proven, repeatable solutions to common situations that occur again and again—are commonly used in development and to a lesser extent in testing. In addition to patterns, various anti-patterns have been discovered. These are common responses to recurring problems that, while promising, are actually counterproductive. Hans Buwalda describes a set of such anti-patterns that he commonly sees in automated test design and that he feels inhibit scalability and...

Jeroen Mengerink
Polteq Testing Services B.V.
W4

Helpful Practices in Agile Testing

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 11:30am to 12:30pm

“Testing” in an agile environment is much different from classic testing on waterfall projects. Testers must be involved in all aspects of software development. Jeroen Mengerink shows you how professional testers can become key contributors in agile projects. First, he explains how to pair with and help the members of your agile team by identifying the test skills each of them needs to learn for the team to create a better quality product. Because agile development starts with user stories, there is an increased importance of end-to-end testing. Jeroen shows how to use mind mapping to...

Clint Sprauve
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Eran Bachar
Hewlett-Packard Enterprise
W5

How HP Enterprise Implemented DevOps Processes

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 11:30am to 12:30pm

Within large enterprise organizations, DevOps transformations can be daunting and complex if not implemented with innovation, creativity, and the support of leadership. Implementing DevOps best practices can be a challenge, even for those companies that sell software that addresses this particular discipline. Imagine approaching a team that develops quality assurance tools and challenging them to build a developer-centric team for continuous testing and delivery—but you can't use any of your own tools. Join Clint Sprauve and Eran Bachar to learn how Eran created a dev/test team to...

Jane_Fraser
Anki, Inc.
W6

The Internet of Things in Action: Testing Anki’s OVERDRIVE Racing Game

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 11:30am to 12:30pm

As products like Anki’s OVERDRIVE race car game and others such as Fitbit and Skylanders pop up all over, we testers need to be prepared for the wave of Internet of Things (IoT) products. Although the IoT doesn’t necessarily require new testing methodologies, it does require creativity when it comes to the tools we need to get our testing and QA work done. Jane Fraser describes and demonstrates the tools Anki’s teams use to develop and test their games, especially OVERDRIVE. From test consoles that can change game parameters on the fly, to test fixtures that can change vehicles from race...

Michael Wasielczyk
T. Rowe Price
W7

From Zero to Hero in 205 Days!

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 1:45pm to 2:45pm

As test managers, we face challenging situations that require us to draw on our past experiences, principles, and good practices in order to have any chance at all for success.  Michael Wasielczyk faced this challenge immediately after joining T. Rowe Price. He started his new job, responsible for managing the testing effort on a mission-critical data warehouse, and he had no experience managing a data warehouse testing effort. In addition, Michael found there were no...

Gerie Owen
Eversource Energy
Peter Varhol
Technology Strategy Research
W8

Testing in the New World of Off-the-Shelf Software

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 1:45pm to 2:45pm

Testing an off-the-shelf, sometimes called COTS, system? Often, project managers and stakeholders mistakenly believe that one benefit of purchasing software is that there is little, if any, testing required. This could not be further from the truth. Testing COTS software requires a different focus from traditional testing approaches. Although no software package will be delivered free of bugs, the testing focus from the purchasing organization’s perspective is not on...

Matt Barbour
Comcast
W9

End-to-End Automated Testing: Lessons from Zombieland

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 1:45pm to 2:45pm

With the proliferation of mobile devices, browsers, and IoT devices, each with its own eccentricities, performing end-to-end automated testing is starting to feel like navigating a zombie apocalypse. You need to fight off the zombies but lack the right tools. You need a set of rules to live by. You wish you had a buddy who would teach you all those rules because alone, you feel like you’re being eaten alive. On the surface, the rules are simple—Limber Up, Don’t Be a...

Michael Harris
David Consulting Group
W10

Budgeting, Estimation, Planning, and #NoEstimates: They All Make Sense for Agile Testing

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 1:45pm to 2:45pm

Many levels of estimation are practiced in agile, including budgeting, high-level estimation, and task planning (detailed estimation). That might seem like an anathema to agile, but it is not. Mike Harris shares a case study that provides an approach that “checks the box” for standard corporate...

Glenn Buckholz
Coveros, Inc.
W11

Continuous Integration Testing Techniques to Improve Chef Cookbook Quality

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 1:45pm to 2:45pm

Chef, Puppet, and other tools that implement “infrastructure as code” are great for configuration management and automated deployments, but it is difficult to test these infrastructure scripts before putting them into production. Since infrastructure as code is a relatively new technology, methodologies for its testing are not yet standardized. Glen Buckholz shares a way to solve the two major problems with testing Chef scripts—[1] capturing a start state similar to your...

Gauri_Arondekar
InfoStretch
W12

Ensuring Maximum Quality in the Era of IoT and Wearables

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 1:45pm to 2:45pm

Until recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) was just an idea that techies talked about. Unlike innovations in the past, development and testing of the IoT is significantly more elaborate. After introducing the technology of wearables and IoT, Gauri Arondekar delves into the components and architectures that make it work. Focusing on tools and solutions that accelerate the testing processes, Gauri shares the success story of an end-to-end testing strategy for a leading...

W14

The Canary in the Coal Mine: Create an Early Warning Tool to Help Your Testing

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

Many organizations are using virtualization technology to increase the number of available test machines. However, this increase creates a new dilemma for testers. How can you confirm that all test systems are running properly and not showing signs of serious defects? Since many companies are reluctant to add additional staff members to simply “babysit” test environments, teams are forced to do...

Carl Nagle
SAS Institute, Inc.
W15

Fostering Long-Term Test Automation Success

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

In today’s environment of plummeting software delivery cycle times, test automation becomes a more critical and strategic necessity.  How can we possibly keep up with software delivery's explosive pace while retaining satisfactory test coverage?  How do we keep the reins on costs and reduce risk?  Carl Nagle maintains that the long-term solution is a greater level of “sustainable” test automation.  The Software Automation Framework Support (SAFS) method separates test...

Ardita Karaj
EPAM Systems
W16

Test-Driven Everything—with Deliberate Collaboration

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

You've heard that quality belongs to everybody on an agile team. You've heard that testers and developers should collaborate in order to drive quality higher. You've heard that automated tests help a team continuously validate the quality. Well, it's time to stop just thinking and talking about these things! It's time to make them happen! Watch Ardita Karaj and “Cheezy” Morgan do this in front of your eyes. Watch them build a web application, driven by acceptance and unit...

Michael_Bolton
DevelopSense
W18

No More Exploratory Testing—Really?

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

Thirty years ago when Cem Kaner coined the term “exploratory testing,” it was largely ignored for almost a decade. Since then, the idea of exploratory testing has moved through recognition, controversy, hostility, tolerance, and acceptance. Yet questions remain: Is exploratory testing an activity? or is it a technique? or is it an approach? If the purpose of testing is to notice and reveal new information when the landscape of the product is poorly known, described, or understood, then isn't all testing...

Lee Copeland
TechWell Corp.
K3

Lightning Strikes the Keynotes

Wednesday, May 4, 2016 - 4:15pm to 5:15pm

Throughout the years, Lightning Talks have been a popular part of the STAR conferences. If you’re not familiar with the concept, Lightning Talks consists of a series of five-minute talks by different speakers within one presentation period. Lightning Talks are the opportunity for speakers to deliver their single biggest bang-for-the-buck idea in a rapid-fire presentation. And now, lightning has struck the STAR keynotes. Some of the best-known experts in testing will step up to the podium and give you their best shot of lightning. Get multiple keynote presentations for the price of one—and...

Thursday, May 5

Isabel Evans
Independent Consultant
K4

Telling Our Testing Stories

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 8:30am to 9:30am

As software practitioners focus on technology issues, we often find that our messages to management and the business are either not heard or are misinterpreted. And sometimes we do not hear the messages that they need us to hear. Isabel Evans examines our natural ability to tell stories and how everyone’s built-in receptiveness to narratives will help you communicate productively about testing and quality. Isabel looks at how we can tell our testing stories in a way that is appealing to our audience. That means thinking about the role of oral, written, and visual representations of testing...

Lee Copeland
TechWell Corp.
T1

The Lean Startup Method and Its Value for Testers

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 9:45am to 10:45am

A startup is an organization created to deliver a new product or service under conditions of extreme uncertainty. Approximately 40 percent of all startups will cease operations with investors losing everything; 95 percent will fall short of their financial projections. And the number one cause of failure? No one wants to buy their product. Eric Ries, author of The Lean Startup...

Dionny Santiago
Ultimate Software
T2

Analyze, Diagnose, and Prevent Test Flakiness

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 9:45am to 10:45am

Test code development is generally approached with more lenient standards and less scrutiny than production code. As a result, rather than providing valuable feedback on software quality, this can lead to tests that produce inconsistent results and false outcomes. Team productivity is affected since executing, debugging, and fixing unreliable tests results in a substantial waste of time. Join Dionny Santiago as he describes how to transition from flaky, unreliable tests...

Asad Faruqui
Symantec
Moni Mau
Symantec
T3

Turbocharge Your Automation Framework to Shorten Regression Execution Time

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 9:45am to 10:45am

Asad Faruqui and Moni Mau say that their old regression automation used to take three-to-four days of execution time as they ran against different browser versions, locales, and currencies. They wanted to make the automation framework more efficient so features could go to market faster. Symantec explored Selenium Grid which could reduce the run time by offering some parallelism, but Asad and Moni wanted even more efficiency. They explain how they created both a...

Jon_Hagar
Grand Software Testing
T4

Use Combinatorial Testing for Mobile Device Fragmentation

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 9:45am to 10:45am

A common problem in mobile systems testing is the number of hardware, operational, and software configurations that need to be tested. For example, the so-called Android fragmentation problem might lead a test team to test hundreds of device and software configurations, yielding thousands or even tens-of-thousands...

Annette Ash
SolutionsIQ Consulting
T5

Quality Metrics: The Dirty Word in the Room

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 9:45am to 10:45am

Is tracking metrics beneficial? What does it accomplish? How and what should be tracked with regards to software quality? Management wants software metrics to understand what the individual and/or teams are accomplishing and how they are doing with regards to management's expectations. Unfortunately, sometimes those metrics are used against the team and/or individuals. Join Annette Ash as she explores beneficial options to significantly increase software quality, excite...

Jeffery Payne
Coveros, Inc.
T7

Build a Cross-Department DevOps Team

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 11:15am to 12:15pm

Who owns DevOps? That's a question that many are asking as more and more organizations implement continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous monitoring capabilities—the essence of DevOps engineering. Join Jeffery Payne as he describes how leading-edge organizations are structuring cross-department DevOps teams and where those teams live within existing organizational structures. Learn who needs to be involved in a DevOps team, how the team works with...

Marjana Shammi
IceMobile
T8

A Tester’s Experience with User Experience Mapping

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 11:15am to 12:15pm

Let's take an off-the-beaten-path approach to quality—testing based on actual user experiences. Being aware of surroundings and emotions while using intuition and instincts are attributes of great testing. With the right tools and approaches, we can learn to tap into users’ experiences to understand and exploit their underlying emotions. Marjana Shammi explains the basics of experience mapping and describes how testers can use that information to generate great test...

Chris Loder
Halogen Software
T9

Combine Test Automation Code with Product Code: The Good, the Bad, and the Lessons Learned

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 11:15am to 12:15pm

At STAREAST 2015, Chris Loder spoke about the automation framework that he and his team built at Halogen Software. At the time, they had just moved the test automation code into the development code base so that everyone in R&D was able to use it. One year later, Chris returns to...

Jonah Stiennon
Sauce Labs
T10

Cross-Platform Mobile Test Automation Using Appium

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 11:15am to 12:15pm

Mobile devices are taking over the world and quickly outpacing the use of traditional desktop machines. But how should we test them? Jonah Stiennon has spent the past two years working with a team of open source contributors at Sauce Labs to establish Appium as the industry standard for cross-platform mobile test automation. A Node.js application, Appium uses a superset of the JSON wire protocol, the same protocol on which Selenium is built, to automate both iOS and...

David Bialek
American Greetings
T11

Defect Metrics for Organization and Project Health

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 11:15am to 12:15pm

Are you looking for a simple, meaningful approach to gather and report defect metrics? Want to make your project defects more visible? Wondering how to report defects to management and show value? With an ever increasing demand to show the business value of your testing, David Bialek explores a simple step-by-step method for metric management of issues. This approach was developed and refined continuously to make software defects more visible as well as to analyze the...

Joe Colantonio
TestTalks
T12

Boost Test Coverage with Automated Visual Testing

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 11:15am to 12:15pm

Joe Colantonio shares how combining your existing automated tests with scalable automated visual testing can help you dramatically increase coverage, reduce maintenance, and substantially boost test robustness, efficiency, and ROI. Joe includes real-life use cases—automating cross-browser UI validation, adding full UI regression coverage to existing automated tests, handling dynamic content in visual tests, and more—to help you release faster and better, automatically...

T13

Testing at Startup Companies: What, When, Where, and How

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 1:30pm to 2:30pm

Startups are becoming increasingly prolific—technology startups even more so. CEOs are recognizing the need for quality. Their users are their growth, and if they can't retain users, their growth slows or stops. So quality matters. How do you convince the rest of the company that test brings value? How do you convince developers and product owners that spending time on quality is important, particularly if they have never worked with testers before? Should startups even...

Melissa Benua
PlayFab, Inc.
T14

Continuous Integration: A New Way of Life

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 1:30pm to 2:30pm

Continuous integration is the new buzzword in software development because it opens up opportunities well beyond making sure all your team's code compiles cleanly. What if this pipeline could improve everything from the quality of code reviews, to how you monitor your product “in the wild,” and when your automated tests are executed? What if it could provide insight into how well those tests are performing? Melissa Benua explores how to setup a basic integration...

Brian Long
Virginia Tech
T15

The Selenium Grid: Run Multiple Automated Tests in Parallel

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 1:30pm to 2:30pm

The Selenium Grid unleashes the full power of Selenium to run multiple automated tests in parallel across multiple platforms. Brian Long demonstrates the use of an open-source framework developed at Virginia Tech to get up and running with a Selenium Grid in about an hour. He begins by discussing the Selenium Grid configuration and then progresses to the installation of the framework. Starting with a clean Selenium installation, Brian uses Git to retrieve and install...

Danny McKeown
Paychex
T16

Stay Ahead of the Mobile and Web Testing Maturity Curve

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 1:30pm to 2:30pm

Join Danny McKeown, Paychex’s lead test enterprise automation architect, to learn how to climb the testing maturity curve and increase predictability and reuse, all while accelerating repeatable and reliable testing. Learn how Paychex iteratively built a well-defined web and mobile app test automation architecture. By evolving the areas of strategy, environment pre-conditions, continuous integration, and understanding their IT users, Paychex executes a mature program...

Matthew Eakin
Centric Consulting
T17

(Almost) Everything I Know about Testing I Learned Playing Poker

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 1:30pm to 2:30pm

When I was in high school, I always enjoyed weekly poker games with my friends. As I began my testing career, I realized many poker skills that I honed years ago are similar to those I need to be a good software tester. In poker, resource allocation (betting with chips) is easier knowing if your opponent has won a World Series of Poker bracelet or if he is a novice. In testing, it helps to know how much business, testing, and technical knowledge each team member has so...

Wilson Mar
JetBloom
T18

Git and GitHub for Testers

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 1:30pm to 2:30pm

GitHub is the repository for the vast majority of today’s open-source software. And that is why many interviewers look at applicants’ public GitHub.com accounts to assess their interests, popularity, helpfulness, and consistency. To collaborate with developers, today’s testers need git and a GitHub account. Unfortunately, esoteric command lines often confuse those new to the tool. Join Wilson Mar as he provides advice on how to be immediately productive. He begins with...

Gitte Ottosen
Capgemini-Sogeti Denmark
T19

Finding Success with Test Process Improvement

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

When you go on a road trip and want to plan your journey, you need to know where you are, where you want to go, and why you want to go there. You need the same things when you want to improve your test process. It doesn’t matter whether you are agile, waterfall, or part of a Test Center of Excellence, you need to assess the current state of the process, your goal, and how to implement the improvements. Gitte Ottosen takes you through some of test process improvement...

Rob_Sabourin
amibug.com
T20

Testing Lessons from the Land of Make Believe

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

Rob Sabourin has discovered testing lessons in Sesame Street, the Simpsons, the Looney Tunes gang, the Great Detectives, Dr. Seuss, and many other unlikely places, but this year he journeys to the Land of Make Believe. Rob's grandchildren Jane and Suzy draw him into the Land of Make Believe. Every visit is a new adventure. By leaving reality for the realm of play, Rob has discovered many simple truths and clever strategies for solving stubborn technical, management,...

Lee Barnes
Utopia
T21

Don’t Be Another Statistic! Develop a Long-Term Test Automation Strategy

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

Choosing the appropriate tool and building the right framework are typically thought of as the main challenges to successful test automation. However, even after careful tool selection and advanced automation framework construction, many find long-term success elusive. Lee Barnes discusses the key strategy components that must be in place to avoid becoming another test automation statistic. Learn the importance of—and techniques for—assessing your organization’s...

Rahul Shah
WorldVentures
T22

Build a Quality Engineering and Automation Framework

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

How would you like to be in this position? Development sends the final release candidate for multiple systems with a user base of one million just a day before the production release, and you are expected to sign off on the overall software quality. Rahul Shah is responsible for providing QA sign-off for a dozen applications every week and is accountable for reporting the overall quality of functional, regression, automation, cross-browser, mobile, and performance testing...

Michael Cooper
W3, LLC
T23

Evolve or Die: What Testers Need to Do to Survive and Thrive

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

With the advent of new technologies, agile methodologies, innovative tools, and a global workforce, the tester’s role is rapidly changing. Those who can adapt to the changing environment get the best jobs and assignments, and others get left behind. As the discipline of testing evolves, test professionals have to make decisions that will determine their success and job satisfaction. Is it better to specialize or be a generalist? Are you a better fit for a small start-up or...

Catherine Cruz Agosto
Availity, LLC
Shauna Ayers
Availity, LLC
T24

Uncover Untold Stories in Your Data: A Deep Dive on Data Profiling

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

How well do you know your data? Organizations are discovering the value in their data—as evidence of what they have done and a clue to how they can improve the bottom line. With the increase in analytics, it is no secret that there are more eyes on the data. And analyzing data can give valuable insight into patterns that drive efficiencies or errors. It is important to use this information and make sure it is being used correctly. However, excavating the data is not always...

Dawn Haynes
PerfTestPlus, Inc.
K5

The Evolution of a Software Tester: From Novice to Practitioner

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 4:15pm to 5:15pm

Once upon a time, Dawn Haynes was a software tester. Now she’s most often found in the classroom, helping others tackle the same day-to-day challenges that she has encountered on projects for the past thirty years. Dawn now recognizes that, although she had great instincts about testing that initially made her incredibly clever and effective at breaking software, it’s been the subtle questions, mantras, and foibles she’s encountered throughout her career that demonstrate how wrong some of her testing ideas have been. Now, Dawn reflects on how committed she was to those fledgling assertions...

SMT1

Reception and Summit Kickoff: As a Leader, What Is Keeping You Up at Night?

Thursday, May 5, 2016 - 5:30pm to 6:30pm

Kickoff the Testing & Quality Leadership Summit with a reception and some networking.

Friday, May 6

SMT2

Creative Leadership for Creative Teams

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 8:30am to 9:30am

As developers and testers, we're uniquely creative, we're inspiration driven, we obsess over every detail, and we can rarely turn it off. We are creatives, and we are different. We think differently, we perform differently—and we need to lead differently. Join Martin Ringlein for a rant, a rave, and a reality check on how to build and lead creative teams. Learn how to manage collaboration and fuel inspiration. Leave the Leadership Summit with not just data points and facts and figures about leadership, but how changing our perspective of the world around us results in more effective ways...

Jaimee Newberry
MartianCraft
WWT2

Design Your Life

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 8:30am to 9:15am

After more than 15 years of pouring her soul and passion into making empathetic and engaging products and product teams for some of the world’s most recognized brands, and absolutely loving her work, Jaimee hit a rock-bottom career burnout. Something she never expected would happen. In finding her way back, she began to explore what might happen if she put that same dedication she had poured into the products she made into her own life as if her life were the product she was designing and she learned some fantastic, useful skills along the way that made her life, her work and how she felt...

Melissa Benua
PlayFab, Inc.
WWT2

When You're the Lone (Female) Voice of Reason

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 9:30am to 10:15am

With software engineering still dominated by men, it is not uncommon for women to find themselves alone on a team of men. Those who are test-focused can find themselves in the awkward position of not only being the sole woman in the ship room, but with the tough job of telling her peers they are not ready to go to production. Melissa Benua has spent many years as the lone female voice speaking up for code quality at companies both big and small. Learn from her experiences on how to be heard and taken seriously, with tips on how to be “the woman” without making the job about being female,...

SMT3

Leading through Change

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 9:45am to 10:45am

The ability to change to meet the evolving business environments is critical to the success of any organization. Leading an organization through change is one of the greatest challenges leaders face. In this interactive presentation, Cynthia Gilmer discusses some of the most critical aspects of corporate change and a leader’s role in realizing a successful transformation. Take home valuable lessons on how to be a leader and manage in a crisis or during changing circumstances.

Dawn Haynes
PerfTestPlus, Inc.
WWT3

The Power of Collective Experience

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 10:30am to 12:00pm

Bring your biggest challenges to this session and tap the wisdom of others. In this immersive session, you will tackle some of the most widely mentioned challenges brought to light from the group. Whether it’s a software testing conundrum, a project setback, a management blocker, a group or team dysfunction or an interpersonal hurdle, all of these can slow our progress and reduce our effectiveness.  And when we hunt for options, we all have blind spots and biases that prevent us from thinking out of the box and finding new and different solutions. Typically the best ideas come from...

Tania Katan
Axosoft
WWT4

It Was Never A Dress: How agile methodology inspired a project management software company to start a BIG conversation about women in technology and beyond!

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 12:45pm to 1:30pm

In an effort to break down barriers and shift perceptions of women in technology—and all spaces—Axosoft used their tech superhero powers of collaboration, cross-functionality, and agility to offer up a radically reimagined women’s bathroom symbol. This new symbol has started an international conversation that is picking up STEAM! Since the campaign launched in 2015, it has generated over 18 million impressions, received attention from every major media outlet, and is funding a scholarship at Arizona State University for a need-based student entering a STEAM (science, technology,...

Alison Wade
TechWell Corp.
WWT5

Panel–Career Superpowers

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 1:30pm to 2:30pm

Let’s discuss and define the most important career superpowers for women.  Hear what industry professionals, leaders, and idea disruptors think the important career superpowers are for women in 2015 and going forward.

Panel: Tania Katan, the Curator of Code at AxoSoft and Melissa Benua, Senior Backend Software Engineer at PlayFab, Inc.

 

WWT6

Building your Personal Brand for Success

Friday, May 6, 2016 - 2:45pm to 3:30pm
Building the right personal brand is one of the critical success factors in today’s workplace. Organizations develop a brand and image, but not many individuals think about their personal brand and how it can affect their career. As we interact with people, we want to influence them to support our efforts—approving projects, budgets, and funding; supporting our next career move; or recommending us for that promotion or raise we want.  As a professional, it is critical to understand how you are being perceived by your “target audience.” During...